Bicyclic Ligand-Biased Agonists of S1P1: Exploring Side Chain Modifications to Modulate the PK, PD, and Safety Profiles

J Med Chem. 2021 Feb 11;64(3):1454-1480. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01109. Epub 2021 Jan 25.

Abstract

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) binds to a family of sphingosine-1-phosphate G-protein-coupled receptors (S1P1-5). The interaction of S1P with these S1P receptors has a fundamental role in many physiological processes in the vascular and immune systems. Agonist-induced functional antagonism of S1P1 has been shown to result in lymphopenia. As a result, agonists of this type hold promise as therapeutics for autoimmune disorders. The previously disclosed differentiated S1P1 modulator BMS-986104 (1) exhibited improved preclinical cardiovascular and pulmonary safety profiles as compared to earlier full agonists of S1P1; however, it demonstrated a long pharmacokinetic half-life (T1/2 18 days) in the clinic and limited formation of the desired active phosphate metabolite. Optimization of this series through incorporation of olefins, ethers, thioethers, and glycols into the alkyl side chain afforded an opportunity to reduce the projected human T1/2 and improve the formation of the active phosphate metabolite while maintaining efficacy as well as the improved safety profile. These efforts led to the discovery of 12 and 24, each of which are highly potent, biased agonists of S1P1. These compounds not only exhibited shorter in vivo T1/2 in multiple species but are also projected to have significantly shorter T1/2 values in humans when compared to our first clinical candidate. In models of arthritis, treatment with 12 and 24 demonstrated robust efficacy.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Arthritis, Experimental / drug therapy
  • Autoimmune Diseases / drug therapy
  • Biotransformation
  • Bridged Bicyclo Compounds / adverse effects
  • Bridged Bicyclo Compounds / chemical synthesis*
  • Bridged Bicyclo Compounds / pharmacology*
  • Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
  • Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / drug effects
  • Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
  • Half-Life
  • Humans
  • Lung Diseases / chemically induced
  • Lung Diseases / pathology
  • Male
  • Myocytes, Cardiac / drug effects
  • Phosphorylation
  • Proprotein Convertases / drug effects*
  • Rats
  • Rats, Inbred Lew
  • Serine Endopeptidases / drug effects*
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Bridged Bicyclo Compounds
  • Proprotein Convertases
  • Serine Endopeptidases
  • membrane-bound transcription factor peptidase, site 1